Televisi

Televisi is a system for transmitting moving images and synchronized sound to a wide audience. In Indonesian, televisi refers both to the device used to view broadcasts and to the medium of broadcast itself. The technology emerged in the early 20th century through pioneers of image transmission and became a dominant mass medium after World War II, expanding access to news, entertainment, and education.

Early developments combined mechanical scanning methods with electronic signal encoding. Inventors such as Paul Nipkow, John Logie Baird, Vladimir Zworykin, and Philo Farnsworth contributed to the creation of television. Black-and-white service dominated for decades, followed by color transmission in the 1950s and 1960s. From the 1980s onward, digital broadcasting and new distribution networks began to replace analog systems, culminating in digital switchover in many countries.

Technically, a televisi system comprises an image-capture source, a transmission path, and a receiver that decodes signals into pictures and sound. Modern sets use digital signals and display technologies such as LCD or OLED. Traditional broadcast standards included NTSC, PAL, and SECAM; today most regions use digital standards like ATSC, DVB-T/T2, or ISDB-T. Displays achieve higher resolution (HD, 4K) and features such as high dynamic range.

Delivery methods include over-the-air broadcast, cable, satellite, and increasingly internet-based streaming. Smart televisions integrate internet connectivity and apps, enabling on-demand video, streaming services, and interactive content. The televisi industry influences culture, advertising, and information dissemination, while raising concerns about copyright, privacy, and the digital divide. Regulation and spectrum management shape what can be broadcast and how services are delivered.