Spannteile

Spannteile, in structural engineering, are elements that carry loads primarily in tension. They are designed to withstand axial tensile forces and to transfer these forces to supports, joints, and other members. Spannteile help resist deformation and contribute to the stability and geometry of a structure. They are used in various types of constructions, including trusses, frames, bridges, cranes, and architectural cable systems. They are distinguished from compression elements, which carry loads mainly by pushing.

Common forms of Spannteile include steel rods, steel cables and wire ropes, tie rods, guy wires, anchor bars, and reinforcing bars when loaded in tension. Materials typically used are high-tensile steel, stainless steel, aluminum, and fiber-reinforced polymers. The choice of material depends on tensile strength, ductility, fatigue resistance, weathering, and the operating environment. End connections such as bolts, eye bolts, pins, welds, and anchorages are critical to performance and must be designed to avoid weak points.

Design considerations for Spannteile emphasize sufficient tensile strength, ductility, and fatigue life, especially under dynamic and cyclic loading. While pure tension minimizes buckling risk, misalignment, lateral loads, or complex loading can introduce bending or instability in the element or its connections. Tolerances, alignment, and protective measures against corrosion or wear are important for long-term performance.

Applications include suspension and cable-stayed bridges, guy wires for towers and masts, architectural cable systems, and tie bars in concrete frames or facades. Standards governing the design and inspection of Spannteile vary by country but commonly reference national or European codes for steel and composite structures. Regular maintenance involves inspection for corrosion, fraying, elongation, and integrity of connections and anchors.