Solukalvojännitteen

Solukalvojännitteen refers to the electrical potential difference that exists across the plasma membrane of a cell. This voltage is a crucial factor in cellular function and is established and maintained by the selective permeability of the cell membrane to different ions and the activity of ion pumps.

The resting membrane potential is the stable voltage across the membrane of a non-excited cell. This potential is typically negative on the inside relative to the outside, ranging from -40 to -90 millivolts in most animal cells. The primary ions contributing to this potential are sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-), and calcium (Ca2+). The concentration gradients of these ions, maintained by active transport mechanisms like the sodium-potassium pump, are key to establishing the resting potential.

When a cell is stimulated, changes in ion permeability can lead to rapid fluctuations in the membrane potential. These fluctuations are known as action potentials in excitable cells like neurons and muscle cells. The precise control of ion movement across the membrane, mediated by voltage-gated ion channels, allows for rapid electrical signaling and other vital cellular processes. Solukalvojännitteen plays a role in nutrient transport, cell signaling, and maintaining cell volume. Disruptions in solukalvojännitteen can have significant physiological consequences and are implicated in various diseases.