Snout

A snout is the anterior projection of the head in many animals, encompassing the nose and mouth region. It forms the visible front of the face and often houses the nostrils, mouth, and sensory structures involved in smelling and tasting. The snout’s length and shape vary widely among species, from short and blunt to long and narrow, reflecting adaptations to different diets and environments.

Anatomically, the snout includes the bony elements of the upper jaw and surrounding soft tissues, with the external appearance shaped by skin, fur, or scales. It commonly bears vibrissae (whiskers) and, in many mammals, is highly sensitive to touch and odor. The nose openings enable breathing and olfaction, while the mouth region enables feeding and vocalization in some species. In various animals, the snout also serves additional roles, such as probing soil, manipulating objects, or signaling.

Variation and function are tightly linked to ecology. Long, flexible snouts are typical of species that probe for food, such as anteaters or tapirs. Short, broad muzzles characterize animals that forage on the surface or in vegetation, like some cattle and pigs. In domestic animals, selection can alter snout length and shape, affecting feeding behavior and health. Across taxa, the snout is a key feature of the face that integrates sensory input, respiration, and feeding mechanics, contributing to a species’ niche and behavior.