Rhinotermitidae

Rhinotermitidae is a family of termites in the order Blattodea, comprising several genera and distributed in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Members are typically associated with wood, soil, or decaying vegetation and can occur as subterranean, wood-dwelling, or mixed habitats. The family is characterized by its members’ social colonies that include workers, soldiers, and reproductive individuals.

Colonies consist of castes: workers that tend nest duties and forage for cellulose, soldiers with specialized heads and mandibles used for defense, and reproductives that include winged alates and the colonial king and queen. The alates swarm to establish new colonies, a common life cycle feature among termites. Like other termites, Rhinotermitidae rely on symbiotic gut microorganisms to digest cellulose.

Ecology and behavior: Rhinotermitidae termites often construct galleries or mud tubes for navigation and moisture management between the nest and foraging areas. They feed primarily on cellulose-containing plant material, including wood and decaying vegetation. Their activity can intersect with human interests when colonies occur near structures, where they may contribute to timber damage.

Taxonomy and evolution: The family represents one of the early-diverging termite lineages within the broader group formerly described as lower termites. Modern classifications place termites within Blattodea, with Rhinotermitidae recognized for distinct morphological and genetic traits, including the type genus Rhinotermes.

Conservation and impact: Many species are habitat-specific and face threats from deforestation and habitat alteration, while others are widespread and can be economically important as pests in timber and wooden structures.