Questionari

Questionari are structured instruments used to collect information from individuals or groups through predefined questions or statements. They standardize data collection to enable comparisons across respondents. The term appears in several languages as the plural of questionnaire, while English typically uses questionnaires.

A questionari typically includes closed-ended items with fixed response options and open-ended items inviting free text. Common formats include multiple choice, dichotomous yes/no items, and Likert-style rating scales. The order of questions can influence responses, so neutral wording and careful sequencing are standard.

Design considerations include clear objectives, defined target population, and pilot testing to detect ambiguities. Validity concerns whether the instrument measures what it intends, and reliability concerns the consistency of responses. Researchers may assess content validity, construct validity, and internal consistency for scales. Translation and pretesting are important for cross-language use.

Questionari can be administered in online, paper, telephone, or face-to-face formats. Data from closed-ended items are typically analyzed quantitatively, while open-ended items may undergo qualitative analysis. Response rates and nonresponse bias are common concerns, as are privacy and informed consent.

Ethical considerations include protecting confidentiality, obtaining informed consent, and complying with data protection regulations. Questionari remain a versatile tool for gathering standardized information across many fields.