Prolyl3hydroxylation

Prolyl 3-hydroxylation is a post-translational modification where a hydroxyl group is added to the third carbon atom of a proline residue within a protein. This reaction is catalyzed by a family of enzymes known as prolyl 3-hydroxylases. These enzymes typically require iron, alpha-ketoglutarate, and oxygen as cofactors. The modification is particularly important for the structural integrity and function of collagen, a major component of the extracellular matrix. In collagen, prolyl 3-hydroxylation is crucial for the proper folding of the collagen triple helix.

While most studied in collagen, prolyl 3-hydroxylation also occurs in other proteins. The specific roles of this modification in non-collagenous proteins are still an active area of research. However, it is thought to influence protein stability, protein-protein interactions, and signaling pathways. Dysregulation of prolyl 3-hydroxylase activity has been implicated in various diseases, including fibrotic disorders and certain types of cancer, highlighting its physiological significance. The precise mechanisms by which prolyl 3-hydroxylation affects protein function are complex and continue to be elucidated.