Principalities
Principality is a political jurisdiction ruled by a prince. Historically, principalities appeared across Europe as semi-independent or sovereign polities, often within larger dynastic or imperial frameworks. The precise status of a principality varied: some exercised full sovereignty and international recognition as states; others were vassals or appanages whose rulers held authority by feudal concession.
In contemporary terms, several well-known territories are described as principalities. Monaco and Liechtenstein are sovereign principalities
Historically, principalities were also central to the organization of medieval and early modern Europe. The Princes