Prüfung

Prüfung is the German term for a formal assessment that determines a person’s knowledge, skills and competences in a defined subject area. Prüfungen serve to verify learning progress, establish qualification, and decide on the completion of educational stages or admission to further study or professional paths. They can be written, oral, or practical and may emphasize factual knowledge, methodical ability, or applied performance.

Forms and contexts vary. In schools, typical formats include written tests (Klausuren), class tests, and final examinations such as Abitur. In higher education, common forms are Klausuren (exams), seminar papers, oral examinations, and practical assessments, often culminating in a degree or certificate. Professional examinations include IHK and state exams, licensing tests, and industry certifications. Prüfungen are usually governed by formal regulations or Prüfungsordnungen that specify content, duration, and assessment criteria.

Process and assessment procedures follow a defined sequence. Students register or are registered for the exam, prepare according to the applicable guidelines, and complete the assessment according to standardized rules. Scoring is based on a predefined marking scheme or point system. In many German-speaking systems, grades range on a numeric or qualitative scale, with pass marks defined by the relevant regulation. Credit points or credits may accompany the result, particularly in universities.

Regulatory and outcome aspects include retake possibilities, deadlines, and accommodations. If a Prüfung is not passed, there are often scheduled opportunities to reattempt, subject to institutional rules. Successfully completed Prüfungen generate certificates, diplomas or licenses, functioning as proof of qualification for further study or professional practice.