PLPs

PLP is an acronym used for several distinct concepts across different fields. The plural form PLPs is used to refer to multiple instances of the underlying terms, such as several molecules, proteins, or plans.

In biochemistry and nutrition, PLP most often denotes pyridoxal phosphate, the active coenzyme form of vitamin B6. It serves as a cofactor for many enzymes driving amino acid metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis such as GABA and serotonin, and sphingolipid production. PLP participates in reactions including transamination and decarboxylation. Assessments of PLP status can aid in diagnosing vitamin B6 deficiency, though levels may be influenced by inflammation or other conditions. Excessive vitamin B6 can cause neuropathy.

In neuroscience and cell biology, PLP stands for proteolipid protein, a major component of central nervous system myelin. The PLP1 gene encodes isoforms that are essential for myelin sheath formation and stability. PLP and its related forms (such as DM20) are expressed in oligodendrocytes and play roles in membrane structure. Mutations or dysregulation of PLP1 can cause hypomyelinating disorders, notably Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease, and contribute to other leukodystrophies.

In education policy and practice, PLP means personalized learning plan, used to tailor instruction to a learner's goals, strengths, and needs. PLPs document goals, required accommodations, and progress criteria, and are developed with input from students, families, and educators. They aim to align teaching with standards and support inclusive education, especially for students with special education needs or English language learners, though implementation varies by jurisdiction.

Other uses exist, including names of political parties or organizations in different regions, where PLP stands for varying phrases. Because the meaning is context-dependent, readers should verify the intended expansion from the source material.