Mongrel

Mongrel is a term used to describe a dog of mixed or unknown ancestry, often contrasted with purebred dogs. In common usage, mongrels are non-purebred dogs whose lineage cannot be traced to a single breed. They can range widely in size, coat color, and temperament, reflecting diverse genetic backgrounds. Because of genetic mixing, mongrels may exhibit a broad range of physical traits and health outcomes. Mixed-breed dogs are frequently found in animal shelters and rescue organizations. Genetic testing can occasionally reveal ancestral breeds, but many owners do not know exact lineage.

The term has also been used as a racial or ethnic slur to describe people of mixed heritage. In modern usage it is considered disparaging in many contexts, and many animal-welfare groups prefer neutral terms such as mixed breed or not a purebred.

In breeding and registration contexts, some registries offer recognition for some mixed-breed dogs, but many do not qualify for breed-specific pedigree papers. Health considerations for mongrels include the potential for inherited conditions shared with their component breeds; conversely, mixed ancestry can confer greater genetic diversity and may reduce the risk of certain heritable diseases. Veterinary care for mongrels is similar to that for other dogs, including vaccinations, parasite control, regular exercise, and a balanced diet.