Mocoví

The Mocoví are an indigenous people of the Gran Chaco in South America, traditionally inhabiting areas of what is now northern Argentina and parts of Paraguay. They are one of the Guaycuruan-speaking groups, and their language, Mocoví, is part of the Mataco-Guaicurú language family.

Today most Mocoví live in Argentina, particularly in Formosa Province, with communities in neighboring regions and in Paraguay.

Historically, the Mocoví were hunter-gatherers and fishers living in the Chaco’s forests and wetlands, organized in small kin-based groups and forming alliances with neighboring peoples. The arrival of Europeans, missionization, and state policies caused upheaval, disease, displacement, and pressure to adopt sedentary and Christianized lifestyles.

In contemporary life, Mocoví communities maintain traditional practices alongside Spanish influence. Cultural expressions include basketry and weaving, music and dances, and spiritual life rooted in indigenous beliefs often blended with Catholic elements.

The Mocoví language is endangered, with stronger use among older speakers; efforts in bilingual education and cultural programs exist in some communities to support language and culture.

In Argentina they are officially recognized as an indigenous people and participate in regional governance and indigenous rights movements. Population estimates vary, and contemporary Mocoví communities continue to navigate issues of land, rights, and cultural preservation.