Malpositions

Malposition is a term used in medicine to describe any abnormal or incorrect position or alignment of a body part relative to its typical anatomic location. It can be congenital or acquired and may involve bones, teeth, organs, or implanted devices. Malpositions can be localized or widespread and may be temporary or permanent.

In obstetrics, fetal malposition refers to the position of the fetus in the uterus that deviates from the ideal occipitoanterior presentation. Common malpositions include occiput posterior, occiput transverse, breech, and transverse lie. These can complicate labor and may necessitate assisted delivery or cesarean section.

In dentistry and orthodontics, dental malpositions involve teeth that are rotated, tipped, crowded, or transposed, affecting bite and aesthetics. Treatment often requires orthodontic appliances, restorative adjustments, or surgical intervention.

In orthopedics, malposition can refer to a misalignment of bones after fracture, joint dislocation, or incorrect implant placement. Malpositioned fractures can impair function and healing; management may require repositioning, immobilization, fixation, or revision surgery.

In clinical settings malposition can also describe misplacement of catheters, tubes, or other devices, identified by imaging and corrected to prevent complications.

Diagnosis typically relies on physical examination and imaging modalities appropriate to the site, such as radiographs, ultrasound, CT, or MRI. Prognosis depends on the underlying condition, timing of detection, and effectiveness of corrective treatment. Related concepts include malalignment, deformity, and displacement.