Magneetvälja

Magneetvälja, known in English as magnetic field, is a vector field that describes the magnetic influence on moving electric charges, electric currents, and magnetic materials. It is generated by the movement of electric charges, such as in electric currents, and by magnetic moments of elementary particles, such as electrons. The magnetic field is a fundamental concept in electromagnetism.

A magnetic field is typically represented by magnetic field lines, which indicate the direction and strength of the field. The direction of the magnetic field at any point is tangent to the magnetic field line at that point, and the density of the field lines represents the strength of the field. The SI unit for magnetic field strength is the tesla (T).

Magnetic fields exert forces on moving charges. This force, known as the Lorentz force, is perpendicular to both the velocity of the charge and the magnetic field itself. This principle is the basis for the operation of electric motors and many other electromagnetic devices. Magnetic fields also affect magnetic materials, causing them to become magnetized.

The Earth itself has a magnetic field, generated by the movement of molten iron in its core. This magnetosphere protects the planet from harmful solar wind. Understanding magnetic fields is crucial in various scientific and technological fields, including physics, electrical engineering, and geophysics.