Lichenostomus

Lichenostomus is a genus of birds in the honeyeater family Meliphagidae, native to Australia and its nearby regions. Members of this genus are small to medium-sized passerines that forage primarily for nectar, supplemented by insects and fruits. They typically occur in a variety of habitats including woodlands, forests, scrub, and coastal heath, often in areas with flowering shrubs and trees.

Taxonomy and characteristics of Lichenostomus have been subject to revision. The genus historically contained a relatively large number of species, but recent molecular studies have led to changes in classification, with several species moved to other genera. Despite these changes, the birds in this group share common features such as slender bills adapted for nectar feeding, and plumage that can range from olive and brown tones to more colorful markings in certain species. Vocalizations are generally sweet and melodic, with calls used for territory maintenance and flock coordination.

Ecology and behavior typically involve foraging in trees and shrubs, often in pairs or small family groups. They may join mixed-species foraging flocks to exploit nectar resources efficiently. Breeding behavior includes cup-shaped nests placed in forks of branches or dense shrubs, with both parents participating in incubation and nestling care. Clutch size is commonly small, and parental care is extended through the early nestling period.

Conservation status varies by species; some are common, while others face pressures from habitat loss, changes in flowering phenology, and climate impacts.