InhibitorsARBs

InhibitorsARBs is not a standard pharmacological term, but it can refer to angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and the broader concept of inhibitors within the renin–angiotensin system. ARBs are a class of antihypertensive drugs that act as competitive antagonists at the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1). By blocking AT1 receptors, ARBs reduce vasoconstriction, aldosterone release, sympathetic activity, and renal sodium retention, contributing to lower blood pressure and improved cardiorenal outcomes.

Mechanism and scope. ARBs do not inhibit angiotensin II production; rather, they inhibit its action at the AT1 receptor. This produces vasodilation, decreased aldosterone-mediated volume expansion, and protection against deleterious angiotensin II–driven effects on the heart and kidneys. They are often considered as alternatives to ACE inhibitors, especially when cough or angioedema limits ACE inhibitor use.

Common agents and indications. Widely used ARBs include losartan, valsartan, candesartan, irbesartan, telmisartan, olmesartan, and azilsartan. They are indicated for essential hypertension and are also used in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, myocardial infarction risk reduction, and diabetic nephropathy or chronic kidney disease. In heart failure, ARBs may be used alone or in combination with other therapies; the combination sacubitril/valsartan adds a neprilysin inhibitor to enhance natriuretic peptide signaling.

Adverse effects and considerations. Common adverse effects include dizziness and hyperkalemia, with a lower risk of cough and angioedema than ACE inhibitors. Contraindications include pregnancy and bilateral renal artery stenosis. Drug interactions may arise with NSAIDs, potassium-sparing diuretics, or other antihypertensives, requiring monitoring of blood pressure and electrolytes.

Overview. ARBs exemplify pharmacologic inhibition of the renin–angiotensin system by blocking AT1 receptors, providing antihypertensive and organ-protective benefits with a generally favorable safety profile.