Implantologie

Implantologie, or dental implantology, is a branch of dentistry that deals with the surgical placement, restoration, and maintenance of dental implants. Implants are artificial tooth roots, typically endosseous screws or cylinders made of biocompatible materials such as titanium or zirconia, inserted into the jawbone to replace missing teeth. The success of implants relies on osseointegration, a process in which the surrounding bone bonds to the implant surface to provide stable support for restorations.

Planning begins with clinical examination and imaging, often including cone-beam computed tomography. Treatment may involve bone augmentation or sinus lifting to create an adequate foundation. Implants can support single crowns, fixed bridges, or prosthetic overdentures, and may serve as a base for full-arch rehabilitation. Procedures are performed by trained dentists or oral surgeons and usually require local anesthesia; some cases use sedation or general anesthesia. Digital planning, guided surgery, and computer-aided design improve precision.

Indications include replacement of a single missing tooth, multiple teeth, or full-arch rehabilitation in cases of tooth loss, whereas contraindications include uncontrolled systemic disease, insufficient bone quality or quantity without augmentation, heavy smoking, or certain medical risks. Complications can include infection, peri-implantitis, nerve injury, sinus problems, or implant failure, though high survival rates are reported with proper technique and maintenance.

Maintenance and follow-up are essential, comprising meticulous oral hygiene, professional cleanings, and monitoring for signs of inflammation around implants. The field continues to evolve with advances in materials, surface engineering, and digital workflows to broaden indications and improve outcomes.