Immunoregulatsiooni

Immunoregulatsioon refers to the complex network of biological processes that control and modulate the immune system's activity. Its primary function is to ensure that the immune response is appropriately activated when a threat, such as a pathogen or foreign substance, is detected, and then effectively terminated once the threat is eliminated. This balance is crucial for maintaining health and preventing damage to the host's own tissues.

The process involves the coordinated action of various immune cells, signaling molecules called cytokines, and specific cell surface receptors. Key players in immunoregulation include T regulatory cells (Tregs), which actively suppress immune responses, and various inhibitory receptors on immune cells that dampen their activation. Cytokines, such as interleukins and interferons, can either promote or inhibit immune cell function, acting as crucial messengers in this intricate system.

Dysregulation of immunoregulation can lead to a variety of health problems. An underactive or suppressed immune system can result in increased susceptibility to infections and a reduced ability to fight cancer. Conversely, an overactive or improperly controlled immune response can result in autoimmune diseases, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells and tissues, or hypersensitivity reactions like allergies. Therefore, maintaining proper immunoregulation is vital for overall well-being.