Ictaluridae

The Ictaluridae are a family of freshwater fish in the order Siluriformes, commonly known as North American catfishes. They are native to North America, ranging from southern Canada to Mexico, and occupy a variety of freshwater habitats including rivers, lakes, and streams.

The family comprises the genera Noturus (madtoms), Ameiurus (bullheads), and Ictalurus (channel catfish, blue catfish, white catfish). Distinguishing features include a scaleless body, prominent barbels around the mouth, a generally robust shape, and the presence of an adipose fin in most species; the dorsal and pectoral fins often bear spines.

Ictalurids are typically bottom-dwelling and nocturnal or crepuscular, feeding on a wide range of animal and plant matter. They inhabit environments from small streams to large rivers and reservoirs. Reproduction involves spring spawning, with males often guarding eggs in nests or cavities, and fry receiving care for a period after hatching.

In human contexts, they are valued as sport and commercial fish. Channel catfish and blue catfish are important in United States fisheries and aquaculture, while Noturus species are frequently of conservation concern due to habitat loss, water quality issues, and restricted ranges.