IRspektroszkópiával

IRspektroszkópia, or Infrared Spectroscopy, is an analytical technique used to identify chemical compounds. It exploits the principle that molecules absorb and emit electromagnetic radiation at specific frequencies, corresponding to their vibrational modes. When infrared radiation passes through a sample, certain wavelengths are absorbed by the chemical bonds within the molecules. The pattern of absorbed wavelengths, known as an infrared spectrum, is unique to each compound.

An infrared spectrometer is the instrument used for this analysis. It typically consists of a radiation source, a sample holder, a wavelength selector (monochromator or interferometer), and a detector. The sample can be in solid, liquid, or gaseous form. The resulting spectrum plots the amount of absorbed radiation (transmittance or absorbance) against the wavenumber (reciprocal of wavelength), providing a fingerprint for identification.

Infrared spectroscopy is widely used in various fields, including organic chemistry for structural elucidation, quality control in pharmaceuticals and food industries, and material science for identifying polymers and contaminants. It is a non-destructive technique, meaning the sample is usually preserved after the analysis. Its sensitivity allows for the detection of functional groups within molecules, aiding in the identification of unknown substances and confirmation of known ones.