Glumetza

Glumetza is the brand name for metformin hydrochloride extended-release (ER) tablets. It is used to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and may be used in some pediatric patients as part of a broader diabetes treatment plan. The ER formulation is designed to release the active drug over time to support once-daily dosing in many regimens.

Mechanism of action for metformin involves reducing hepatic glucose production, decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose, and improving insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. The effect is largely mediated by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Metformin does not stimulate insulin secretion and therefore has a low risk of causing hypoglycemia when used alone.

Administration and dosing considerations: Glumetza is taken with the evening meal. The dose is individualized based on effectiveness and tolerability, with a typical maximum daily dose of 2,000 mg. Tablets should be swallowed whole and not chewed or crushed. Dose adjustments may be needed for renal impairment or other comorbid conditions.

Contraindications and warnings: Glumetza should not be used in patients with significant renal impairment (eGFR below approved thresholds), acute or chronic metabolic acidosis, including diabetic ketoacidosis, or hypersensitivity to metformin. It should be discontinued during situations that raise the risk of lactic acidosis, such as major surgery or iodinated contrast administration, and may be resumed only after renal function and clinical status have stabilized.

Adverse effects and interactions: Common adverse effects are gastrointestinal, including diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal discomfort. Rare but serious risk includes lactic acidosis, particularly in patients with renal impairment, liver disease, or dehydration. Potential drug interactions include agents affecting renal function and contrast media used in imaging.