Gitara

Gitara is a fretted string instrument traditionally played by plucking or strumming the strings with the fingers or a pick. It typically has a hollow wooden body, a neck with a fretboard, a headstock with tuning pegs, and six strings anchored at the bridge. The strings’ vibration creates sound, which is amplified acoustically in an acoustic guitar or electronically in an electric guitar. Standard tuning for most steel-string guitars is E2–A2–D3–G3–B3–E4; classical guitars use nylon strings with the same relative tuning.

Guitars are produced in several main types. Acoustic guitars include steel-string and classical (nylon-string) models; electric guitars rely on magnetic pickups for amplification. Body shapes vary (dreadnought, concert, parlor, jumbo) and influence tone and projection. Some instruments combine a hollow body with built-in electronics (acoustic-electric). Accessories include capos, slides, and a range of picks.

Originating from European and Middle Eastern string instruments, the modern guitar was refined in the 19th century by Spanish luthiers such as Antonio de Torres Jurado. It is central to many musical genres around the world, including classical, folk, blues, jazz, rock, and pop. Playing techniques span chords, single-note lines, fingerpicking, and various picking styles. Maintenance involves string changes, proper humidity, and periodic setup to maintain intonation and playability.