Gangwechsel

Gangwechsel is a German term for changing gears in a vehicle or machine to adjust speed and torque. It covers manual and automatic transmissions as well as geared bicycles and internal hub systems.

In cars with manual transmissions, a gear change requires disengaging the current gear via the clutch, moving the gear lever to a desired gear, and re-engaging. Synchronizers help match gear speeds for smooth engagement. Incorrect shifts can cause drivetrain shock, increased wear, or stalling. Some older or performance vehicles use techniques like double clutching to improve smoothness.

Automatic transmissions handle gear changes automatically through a transmission control unit, hydraulics, and actuators. Some automatics offer manual modes or paddle shifters that allow the driver to select gears, but the actual shifting is performed by the system.

In bicycles, a Gangwechsel shifts a chain between sprockets or chainrings via a derailleur or internal hub. Modern systems use indexed shifters to align the chain with the correct gear. Poor adjustment, worn components, or mismatched chain can lead to missed gears or chain slip.

Gear changes affect engine or motor efficiency, acceleration, and fuel consumption. In electric vehicles with few gears, changes are less frequent, but shifts still influence performance and energy use. Regular maintenance ensures smooth operation and prolongs drivetrain life.

The term comes from German Gang (gear) and Wechsel (change). It is used in automotive and cycling contexts to describe the act of changing gears.