FactChecking

Fact-checking is the process of verifying factual claims by examining evidence from reliable sources to determine whether statements are accurate. It is used in journalism, research, policy analysis, and public discourse to promote accountability and informed decision-making.

A typical fact-checking workflow begins with identifying the claim, gathering supporting evidence, and evaluating the reliability of sources. Fact-checkers distinguish facts from interpretations and opinions, assess context, and document the methodology and sources used. In many cases, claims are rated or categorized to communicate certainty levels.

Common sources include official records, court documents, statistical databases, scientific studies, and primary documents. Independent organizations and platforms publish investigations and labels, sometimes using standardized categories such as true, mostly true, mixed, false, or pants on fire. Transparency about sources and methods is central to credibility.

Fact-checking influences journalism, public communication, and platform policy. It complements media literacy by enabling readers to follow the evidentiary trail. Some platforms attach links or summaries to disputed statements and provide corrections when needed.

Challenges include evolving information, time pressure, limited access to sources, language ambiguity, and bias. Ethical practice emphasizes impartiality, disclosure of conflicts of interest, and correction when errors are found. While not all claims can be definitively proven, rigorous fact-checking aims to reduce misinformation and improve public understanding.