Eylandt

Eylandt, also known as Groote Eylandt, is the largest island in the Gulf of Carpentaria, in the Northern Territory of Australia. The name derives from Dutch for “Great Island” (Groote Eylandt). The island lies off the northeastern coast of the territory and covers about 2,300 square kilometers. The main population center is Alyangula on the island’s western coast.

The island is inhabited predominantly by the Anindilyakwa people, who speak a group of related languages. The Anindilyakwa Land Council represents their interests, and the island has a strong cultural heritage with traditional practices and art.

The island has been inhabited for thousands of years by Anindilyakwa people. It was named by Dutch explorers in the 17th century as Groote Eylandt. European settlement and development occurred in the 20th century with mining and the establishment of Alyangula in the 1960s.

The economy is dominated by the Groote Eylandt mining operation, GEMCO, a manganese mine that began production in the 1960s and continues as a major employer. A port and airstrip at Alyangula provide transport; additional services, tourism, and fishing contribute to the local economy.

The island features mangroves, coastal plains, and savanna habitats with diverse wildlife; it is part of a broader archipelago and marine environment in the Gulf of Carpentaria.