DreiNetzwerkModell

DreiNetzwerkModell, or Three-Network Model, is a theoretical framework for analyzing interdependent networks by integrating three coupled layers into a single model. It is used in network science and systems engineering to study resilience, cascading failures, and optimization in complex infrastructures and social-technical systems.

The model represents three layers G1=(V1,E1), G2=(V2,E2), and G3=(V3,E3). Each layer captures a distinct network type, such as physical infrastructure (for example power or water networks), the information and control network, and socio-economic interactions. Inter-layer connections describe dependencies: a node in one layer may rely on nodes in other layers for functionality, data, or resources. Inter-layer couplings are specified by relation sets such as C12 ⊆ V1×V2, C23 ⊆ V2×V3, and C13 ⊆ V1×V3, or more general interdependencies that connect multiple layers. A state vector across layers can represent operational status, load, and capacity.

Dynamics and analysis within the DreiNetzwerkModell often focus on percolation and cascading failure, where the failure of nodes propagates across layers according to predefined dependency rules. The framework is studied with simulation, percolation theory, and optimization techniques to improve redundancy, recovery planning, and resource allocation. Metrics commonly considered include robustness, interdependence, vulnerability, and resilience.

Applications span critical infrastructure risk assessment, urban resilience planning, cyber-physical security, and analysis of cascading effects in supply chains and transportation systems. While flexible, the model's complexity grows with the size of each layer and the density of inter-layer dependencies, and its results depend on the specification of interdependencies and calibration data.