Docking

Docking refers to the act of bringing something into a docking position or connecting it to another object. The term has multiple uses across fields, including maritime operations, spaceflight, computational chemistry, and veterinary practice. In many cases, docking implies a temporary or secure connection that can be engaged or disengaged.

In maritime contexts, docking is the berthing of a vessel at a dock, pier, or slip for purposes such as loading, unloading, or maintenance. Docking operations require navigation in harbors, the use of tugs, and careful mooring practices to ensure safety and structural integrity.

In spaceflight, docking is the mechanical joining of two spacecraft in orbit, allowing crew transfer, resupply, or assembly of structures. The process typically proceeds via approach and stabilization, soft capture, and hard capture through docking hardware, seals, and rigid attachment.

In computational biology and chemistry, docking describes methods that predict how a small molecule binds to a target protein or receptor. Molecular docking is used in drug discovery and design. It involves exploring possible ligand orientations and conformations and scoring interactions to estimate binding affinity.

Docking also refers to practices in veterinary contexts, such as tail docking or ear docking in some animals, especially dogs and livestock. This practice is controversial and subject to welfare concerns and legal regulation in many countries. In technology, docking can refer to connecting a portable device to a docking station to facilitate charging, data transfer, or expansion of capabilities.