Dataformat

Data format refers to the structure used to encode information for storage, processing, and transmission. A data format defines how data elements are organized, named, typed, and encoded, as well as any metadata that accompanies the payload. Formats may be text-based, enabling human readability (for example JSON, XML, CSV, YAML), or binary, optimized for compactness and speed (for example protobuf, Avro, Parquet, MessagePack). Some formats are self-describing, containing schema or metadata within the file, while others rely on external schemas or documentation.

Common features include rules for element order, data types, character encoding, and endianness, as well as mechanisms for compression, encryption, and versioning. Validation is a key concern in many domains; formats may support schemas or identifiers that enable automated checks, such as XML Schema or JSON Schema.

Data formats play a central role in data interchange, APIs, configuration, logging, databases, and data pipelines. Choosing a format involves trade-offs among readability, interoperability, size, and processing performance. Text formats are easier to inspect but often larger; binary formats may require specialized tooling. Binary formats frequently support schema evolution, while human-readable formats simplify debugging and version tracking.

Compatibility considerations are important when evolving formats or sharing data across systems. Clear documentation, versioning, and adherence to standards help maintain interoperability over time.