Danshen

Danshen, or Salvia miltiorrhiza, is a perennial herb in the mint family (Lamiaceae) native to China and parts of Asia. The root is the part used medicinally. In traditional Chinese medicine, danshen is believed to stimulate blood flow and resolve stasis, and is used to treat cardiovascular conditions such as angina, myocardial infarction recovery, arrhythmias, and to support liver function, as well as gynecological disorders. Preparations include dried root decoctions, standardized extracts, capsules and tablets, and injectable formulations in some countries.

Chemistry: The bioactive components include lipophilic tanshinones (tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, tanshinone I) and hydrophilic salvianolic acids (A, B, and related compounds). Pharmacological actions reported in studies include vasodilation, inhibition of platelet aggregation, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and mitochondrial protective effects; preclinical evidence suggests potential neuroprotection and cardioprotection, but clinical evidence varies.

Clinical evidence: Randomized trials have reported modest improvements in chest pain and exercise tolerance in stable angina, and some effects in peripheral arterial disease, but results are inconsistent and often small. Danshen preparations are not a substitute for standard therapy, and medical supervision is advised.

Safety and interactions: Potential bleeding risk increases with anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs. Adverse effects include digestive upset, rash, and dermatitis; rare liver injury has been reported. Avoid use during pregnancy and in the perioperative period unless advised by a clinician. Quality and regulation vary by country; standardized extracts and good manufacturing practices are important to ensure potency and purity.