Cutback

Cutback is a term used in multiple contexts to describe a reduction or a turning movement. As a noun, it denotes an act or result of cutting back, such as a budget cutback or staffing cutback. As a verb, to cut back means to reduce or limit something, often as part of cost containment or retrenchment. The term implies scaling down rather than complete elimination, though in practice a cutback can involve job losses or program reductions.

In business, government, and nonprofit contexts, cutbacks are often planned in response to revenue shortfalls, budgetary pressures, or strategic shifts. They may affect operating expenses, capital expenditures, or personnel, and can be temporary or permanent depending on conditions. Cutbacks are typically evaluated for their impact on service delivery, productivity, and morale, and are sometimes accompanied by efficiency reforms or restructuring.

In sports, particularly American football, a cutback refers to a running play or movement in which a ball carrier changes direction, usually toward the inside of the field, in order to evade pursuit. The term can also describe a quick change of plan or play in other sports, but it is most closely associated with football. The idea is a deliberate shift to a less expected path to gain leverage or yards.

Etymology and usage: cutback combines cut (to reduce) with back (return or reduction), reflecting a move to a lower level or reorienting action. Related terms include reduction, trimming, retrenchment, and downsizing.