Coniuratio

Coniuratio is a Latin noun (feminine, coniuratio, coniurationis) meaning a sworn alliance or secret plot. The term derives from coniurare “to swear together,” from com- “together” and iurare “to swear.” It is used in classical and late antique Latin to refer to conspiratorial activity or an oath-bound agreement among individuals to pursue a criminal or political aim.

In Roman usage, coniuratio denotes a clandestine agreement among citizens, soldiers, or political actors to act in concert against others or the state. Such plots were typically organized in secrecy, often required sworn oaths, and were condemned by authorities when uncovered. The word appears in legal and historical writings describing conspiracies, coups, or attempts to overthrow leaders.

One of the best-known instances is the Catiline Conspiracy (Coniuratio Catilinae) of 63 BCE, described by Cicero as a plan to overthrow the Roman Republic. The term also appears in other contexts in Latin literature and chronicles to denote similar plots or schemes.

Today, coniuratio is chiefly encountered in scholarly discussions of Latin texts and Roman history, translated into English as conspiracy or plot. The modern usage preserves the sense of a deliberate, oath-bound secret agreement aimed at subverting authority.