Cebinae

Cebinae is a subfamily of New World monkeys within the family Cebidae, comprising the capuchin monkeys. They are native to tropical forests of Central and parts of South America. The subfamily includes the genera Cebus and Sapajus, which together contain several species commonly referred to as capuchins.

Capuchins are medium-sized primates with strong limbs and highly dexterous hands. They typically have a pale face and a darker crown, and their tails are not prehensile. They are highly adaptable, occupying a variety of forest habitats from dry woodlands to humid tropical forests and often foraging both on the ground and in trees.

Capuchins are diurnal and social animals, living in multimale–multifemale groups that can number from a few to several dozen individuals. They are omnivorous, feeding on fruit, seeds, insects, small vertebrates, and occasionally human-provided foods. They are renowned for their cognitive abilities and tool use, including the manipulation of stones to crack nuts or shells, and they show complex grooming, vocal communication, and social bonding.

Reproduction is typically through single births after a gestation of about 160 days. Infants are carried and cared for by their mothers and often by other group members. Social dynamics include alliances, rank relationships, and cooperative care, contributing to their complex social structure.

Taxonomy and notes: The placement of capuchins within Cebinae and the broader Cebidae has evolved with molecular research. Some classifications maintain Cebinae as a subfamily within Cebidae, alongside closely related groups such as Saimirinae (squirrel monkeys), while alternative systems reflect different ranking schemes.

Conservation: Capuchin populations are affected by habitat loss, fragmentation, hunting, and the illegal pet trade. Conservation statuses vary by species, ranging from Least Concern to Endangered, depending on range size, population trends, and threats.