Capparis

Capparis is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Capparaceae, within the order Brassicales. The genus encompasses roughly 200 to 250 species of woody shrubs and small trees found across tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Australasia, and parts of the Mediterranean basin. Classification of Capparis has varied; some taxonomic systems place Capparis within Capparaceae, while others align it with Cleomaceae or related groups.

Most Capparis species are woody and drought-tolerant, often with thorny or spiny branches. Leaves are typically simple and alternately arranged. The flowers are generally conspicuous, with four petals and numerous stamens, and they may be white, pink, or purple. Fruit types range from fleshy berries to elongated capsules.

The best-known member is Capparis spinosa, the caper bush, cultivated for edible flower buds (capers) and the mature fruit (capers berries). Capers are pickled or preserved and used as a seasoning or garnish. Beyond C. spinosa, various Capparis species are used in traditional medicines, for timber, or as ornamental plants in suitable climates.

Ecology and cultivation: Capparis species are adapted to warm climates and poor soils, often thriving in rocky or scrubby habitats. They can be propagated by seeds or cuttings and may require protection from frost in temperate zones. Some species are threatened by habitat loss and overharvesting.