CTscan

A CT scan, short for computed tomography scan, is a medical imaging procedure that uses X-ray beams and computer processing to produce cross-sectional images of the body. A rotating X-ray tube and multiple detectors acquire data from different angles, which a computer reconstructs into detailed slices. Modern scanners with many detector rows can capture rapid, high-resolution images and create three-dimensional reconstructions.

Often described as multidetector or spiral/helical CT, the technique can image nearly any body region. In many exams, contrast material is used to improve visualization of blood vessels and organs. Iodine-based contrast can be given orally or intravenously, and dual-energy or perfusion CT may be employed for specialized assessments.

Common indications include evaluating acute trauma, suspected stroke, chest pain, pneumonia, abdominal or pelvic pain, cancer staging, and guidance for biopsies or surgical planning. CT angiography applies contrast-enhanced CT to visualize arterial and venous vessels, aiding in detecting aneurysms, clots, or blockages.

Advantages of CT include rapid acquisition, wide availability, high spatial resolution, and ability to image bone, lung, and soft tissues with good detail. Limitations involve exposure to ionizing radiation and potential reactions or kidney effects from iodinated contrast. Not all patients are suitable for contrast-enhanced scans, such as those with severe contrast allergies or pregnancy concerns.

Safety considerations emphasize using the lowest radiation dose necessary (ALARA), appropriate patient preparation, and screening for contraindications to contrast agents. Radiologists interpret CT images to guide diagnosis and treatment.