Bluecollar

Blue-collar is a term used to describe workers who perform manual labor or skilled trades, usually involving physical activity, machinery, or hands-on tasks. The phrase originated in the United States in the early 20th century and is linked to the durable blue uniforms that many workers wore because the color hides stains and wear better than lighter fabrics. It is commonly contrasted with white-collar workers, who perform office or professional duties.

Typical blue-collar occupations span construction, manufacturing, mining, transportation, utilities, maintenance, and repair. Examples include electricians, plumbers, carpenters, machinists, welders, mechanics, truck drivers, and factory or plant workers. Work often takes place on-site or in industrial settings and may involve shift work, hazardous environments, or physically demanding tasks. Wages tend to be paid hourly and can include overtime; benefits and job security vary by industry, employer, and local labor markets. Unions have historically played a significant role in many blue-collar sectors, particularly in construction and manufacturing.

Training for blue-collar roles generally emphasizes hands-on skills. Pathways include apprenticeships, vocational or technical education, and on-the-job training. Some trades require licenses or certifications, such as electrical or plumbing credentials, or equipment operator permits. Advances in technology, automation, and offshoring have reshaped blue-collar work, impacting demand, productivity, and safety standards. Regulations from agencies such as occupational safety administrations guide practices to reduce injuries and ensure training standards.

The term remains a broad label for a diverse set of occupations and is often used in discussions of labor markets, skills development, and economic opportunity. Related terms include white-collar, pink-collar, and gray-collar.