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AtTawbah

At-Tawbah, also known as Surat al-Tawbah or Bara’ah, is the ninth chapter (surah) of the Qur’an. The name At-Tawbah means “The Repentance,” reflecting themes of repentance and renewal, while the alternative name Bara’ah means “Disassociation” or “Absolution,” referring to the opening denunciation of treachery and breaches of treaty. In many Qur’an editions, this surah is notable for not beginning with the usual Bismillah formula.

The surah is generally classified as a Madinan revelation, believed to have been revealed after the Treaty

Content and themes of At-Tawbah include the dissolution of treaties with tribes and groups that violated agreements,

Scholarly works, including classical tafsir and hadith literature, discuss At-Tawbah for its treatment of covenants, warfare

of
Hudaybiyya,
during
the
later
period
of
Prophet
Muhammad’s
life.
It
contains
129
verses
and
is
one
of
the
longer
surahs
in
the
Qur’an.
A
distinctive
feature
cited
by
commentators
is
its
lack
of
an
initial
Bismillah,
which
is
often
noted
in
traditional
descriptions.
guidance
on
relations
with
polytheists,
and
admonitions
directed
at
hypocrites
within
the
Muslim
community.
It
also
addresses
military
conduct,
the
handling
of
spoils
of
war,
and
the
social
and
political
obligations
of
the
Muslim
community.
The
surah
emphasizes
accountability
for
breaches
of
faith
and
repeatedly
calls
for
repentance,
sincerity,
and
steadfast
allegiance
to
God
and
the
Prophet.
ethics,
and
the
broader
Islamic
understanding
of
repentance,
forgiveness,
and
community
integrity.
It
remains
a
central
text
for
exegesis
on
covenantal
obligations
and
the
dynamics
of
early
Islamic
statehood.