Aromatherapy

Aromatherapy is the practice of using essential oils and aromatic compounds for perception, mood, and well-being. It combines inhalation, topical application with a carrier oil, and sometimes diffusion or massage, with the intention of influencing physical, emotional, or psychological states.

Methods commonly employed include inhalation from diffusers, inhaling via cloth or steam, and topical application to the skin with a diluting carrier oil. Popular essential oils include lavender, peppermint, eucalyptus, tea tree, lemon, and frankincense, among many others. The choice of oil and method varies by aim, such as relaxation, invigoration, or relief of minor symptoms.

Evidence regarding effectiveness is variable. Some small studies report reductions in anxiety, improved sleep, or mood enhancement, but high-quality, large-scale trials are limited. The overall evidence does not establish aromatherapy as a substitute for conventional medical treatment, and placebo effects or sensory experiences may contribute to perceived benefits.

Safety and regulation considerations are important. Essential oils are highly concentrated and can cause skin irritation, allergic reactions, or sensitization. They should be diluted before topical use, and a patch test is recommended. Ingestion is generally discouraged outside professional guidance. Certain oils may be unsafe for pregnant individuals, children, or those with specific medical conditions, and citrus oils can cause photosensitivity. Product quality varies, with risks of adulteration or mislabeling; users should seek reputable suppliers and consult healthcare providers or trained aromatherapists when in doubt.

Historically, aromatherapy has roots in ancient civilizations and gained prominence in modern complementary medicine during the 20th century. It remains widely used in spa settings, wellness practices, and some clinical environments, often as a complementary approach rather than a primary treatment.