Anticorruzione

Anticorruzione is the set of policies, institutions and practices aimed at preventing, detecting and sanctioning corruption in public and private sectors. It seeks to increase transparency, accountability and integrity in public administration and business conduct, reducing the opportunities for bribery, fraud and cronyism.

In Italy, the Autorità Nazionale Anticorruzione (ANAC) is the central authority responsible for prevention and oversight of corruption in the public sector. Its activities include supervising public procurement, promoting transparency, issuing guidelines and opinions, and coordinating with other institutions. Public administrations are typically required to adopt a three-year Plan for the Prevention of Corruption and a National Anti-Corruption Plan, including risk assessment, staff training, internal controls and whistleblower protection. ANAC can monitor compliance and issue sanctions for violations of anti-corruption and transparency rules, as part of the broader framework of public contracts and administrative ethics.

Internationally, anticorruzione is guided by conventions such as the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) and the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention, with monitoring bodies like GRECO ensuring compliance. National efforts include anti-corruption agencies, whistleblower protections, procurement reforms, and transparency portals.

Key areas of work include prevention (codes of conduct, risk assessments, training, internal controls), transparency (open data, disclosure requirements, public registries), and the supervision and enforcement related to public procurement, which is a major arena for corruption risks. Challenges include ensuring effective enforcement, avoiding political influence, and extending integrity measures across all sectors. Trends emphasize digitalization of procurement, stronger data sharing, and comprehensive integrity risk management.