Alþjóðafjármál

Alþjóðafjármál, or international finance, is the branch of economics that studies financial and investment flows among countries. It encompasses a wide range of topics including foreign exchange markets, balance of payments, international monetary systems, and the financial policies of governments and international institutions. Understanding alþjóðafjármál is crucial for comprehending global economic interactions, trade, and investment.

Key areas within alþjóðafjármál include exchange rates, which determine the value of one currency relative to another, and how these rates fluctuate. The balance of payments records all economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world, comprising the current account and the capital account. International monetary systems, such as the gold standard or the current floating exchange rate system, provide the framework for international financial dealings. Furthermore, alþjóðafjármál examines the role of international financial institutions like the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank in promoting global financial stability and development. The study also delves into international investment, including foreign direct investment (FDI) and portfolio investment, and their impact on national economies.