ADSC

ADSC stands for adipose-derived stem cells, a type of multipotent mesenchymal stem cell isolated from adipose (fat) tissue. ADSCs are typically obtained from lipoaspirate and are a key component of the broader adipose-derived stromal/stem cell populations. In clinical and research contexts, a related fraction called the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) can be used directly or expanded in culture to obtain ADSCs. These cells express markers associated with mesenchymal stem cells, such as CD73, CD90, and CD105, and lack typical hematopoietic markers.

Isolation and characteristics

ADSCs are usually isolated from fat tissue by enzymatic digestion or mechanical methods, followed by selective culture to expand the stem cell population. Compared with bone marrow–derived stem cells, ADSCs are abundant and easier to obtain with minimally invasive procedures. They can be cultured to high numbers while maintaining stem cell properties and differentiative potential.

Differentiation potential and mechanisms

In vitro, ADSCs can differentiate into multiple mesenchymal lineages, including adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages, and show potential for myogenic and endothelial differentiation under appropriate conditions. In vivo, their therapeutic effects are believed to arise from both differentiation into target tissues and paracrine signaling, including the release of growth factors and cytokines that promote angiogenesis, tissue repair, and immunomodulation.

Applications and status

ADSCs are explored in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, including applications in cosmetic and reconstructive surgery, orthopedic and wound healing contexts, and various experimental therapies. Research continues to clarify optimal delivery methods, dosing, and long-term safety.

Safety and regulation

As with other cell therapies, ADSC use faces regulatory scrutiny regarding processing methods (for example, enzymatic digestion), autologous versus allogeneic applications, and manufacturing standards. Clinical outcomes are variable and depend on procedures, conditions treated, and patient factors.