2phenethylamine

2-Phenethylamine, also known as β-phenethylamine or β-PEA, is a simple primary amine with the chemical formula C8H11N. It consists of a benzene ring attached to a two-carbon side chain bearing an amino group (the 2-phenylethylamine structure). It is one of the simplest phenethylamines and related to the broader class of trace amines.

Natural occurrence and biosynthesis: 2-Phenethylamine occurs endogenously in mammals as a trace amine and can be found, in small amounts, in various foods such as chocolate, cheese, and wine. In the body, it is chiefly produced by decarboxylation of phenylalanine via aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase and is rapidly metabolized by monoamine oxidase enzymes, which limits its sustained activity.

Pharmacology: Exogenous β-PEA can act as a monoamine releasing agent, promoting the release of dopamine and norepinephrine (and to a lesser extent serotonin) and can activate the trace amine–associated receptor TAAR1. Due to rapid metabolism by MAO enzymes, its effects are typically brief unless metabolism is inhibited. Individual responses vary, and the compound can have stimulant-like effects with a short duration.

Uses and regulation: 2-Phenethylamine has been studied as a stimulant and has appeared in some dietary supplements, but it is not approved as a medicine in most jurisdictions. Safety concerns include elevated blood pressure, tachycardia, anxiety, and possible adverse interactions with other stimulants or monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Regulatory status varies by country; it is generally not a controlled substance in many places, though some jurisdictions regulate its sale as a supplement or precursor.