ósæðarboga

The aortic arch, known in Icelandic as the ósæðarbogi, is the largest artery in the chest and a crucial part of the circulatory system. It originates from the ascending aorta, curves superiorly and posteriorly to the left, and then descends to become the descending aorta. This arched structure plays a vital role in distributing oxygenated blood to the head, neck, and upper limbs.

Several significant arteries branch directly from the aortic arch. The most proximal is the brachiocephalic trunk, which then divides into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery. Following this is the left common carotid artery, supplying blood to the left side of the head and neck. Finally, the left subclavian artery branches off, providing blood to the left arm and shoulder. The precise arrangement and branching pattern can exhibit minor variations among individuals.

The structure of the aortic arch is composed of three layers: the tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa. Its curvature helps to maintain blood pressure and regulate blood flow to the various regions it serves. Conditions affecting the aortic arch can range from congenital abnormalities to acquired diseases like aneurysms and dissections, which can have serious health consequences. Medical imaging techniques are essential for diagnosing and monitoring the health of this critical anatomical feature.